《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(3): 363-376

拟南芥早期胚胎模式建成及分子机制的研究进展

李淑勤, 李璐, 陈洪宇, 赵洁^*

杂交水稻国家重点实验室, 武汉大学生命科学学院, 武汉430072

通信作者：赵；E-mail: jzhao@whu.edu.cn

摘　要：

起源于受精卵(合子)的胚胎发生是植物个体发育的起点, 早期胚胎发育过程中的细胞命运决定和模式建成决定了组织和器官的形成, 从而奠定了成熟胚胎的发育以及植株产生的基础。早期胚胎发育中的细胞分裂方向非常精确, 导致了被子植物的胚胎发育具有丰富的多样性。近年来已有大量研究揭示了拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)早期胚胎发育中一些重要生物学事件的遗传途径和分子调控机制, 本文综述了拟南芥早期胚胎发育过程中合子激活和极性建立、顶-基轴模式建成、表皮原形成和辐射对称模式建成、茎顶端分生组织和胚根原的分化、以及维管束原和基本组织原的分化等重要的生物学事件和分子机制的最新研究进展, 并展望了今后有待研究的方向和需要进一步解决的问题。

关键词：拟南芥; 早期胚胎; 细胞分化; 模式建成; 分子机制

收稿：2016-12-28   修定：2017-02-27

资助：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB944801)和国家自然科学基金(30970277)。

Research progress of pattern formation and molecular mechanism in the early

LI Shu-Qin, LI Lu, CHEN Hong-Yu, ZHAO Jie^*

State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Corresponding author: ZHAO Jie; E-mail: jzhao@whu.edu.cn

Abstract:

Embryogenesis from a fertilized egg cell (zygote) is the beginning of plant development. The cell fate decisions and pattern formation determine the construction of tissues and organs during early embryonic development, which lay the foundation for the production of mature embryo and development of complete plants. The direction of cell division in early embryogenesis is precise, leading to a rich diversity of embryogenesis in angiosperms. Recently, a large number of studies have revealed the genetic pathways and molecular mechanisms of some important biological events during early embryonic development of Arabidopsis. Here, this review summarizes the latest research progress of molecular mechanisms that regulate important biological events in Arabidopsis early embryonic development, including zygotic genome activation, the establishment of apical-basal polarity, the formation of outer versus inner layers, the determination of shoot and root domains, the specification of vascular and ground tissues and so on. Furthermore, we also put forward research direction and some questions needed to be solved in the future.

Key words: Arabidopsis; early embryo; cell differentiation; pattern formation; molecular mechanisms